EDITING SOFTWARE FOR MULTIMEDIA

In producing multimedia, the data in the video camera can be edited, changed, transferred and stored in the computer.

A text editor is used to edit plain text.

Generally a graphic editor can edit images, draw or illustrate pictures or objects.

Animation editors are used for producing 2D, 3D, special effects and animation for the Web.

An audio editor is used for voice recording or producing music and special sound effects.

A video editor is used to edit video.

EXAMPLES OF EDITING SOFTWARE

  

These are examples of editing software that available for producing a multimedia program.

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 Others Lesson : | click lesson to view |

• Hardware
• Editing Software 
• Authoring Tools

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HARDWARE FOR PRODUCING MULTIMEDIA

The most common hardware used are scanner, video camera, camera for still photos, audio device, and video capture device. Each of these hardware has its functions and characteristics.

Knowing the functions of the hardware and how to use them are important. This will enable us to integrate the basic elements of multimedia into a program.

DESCRIPTION OF HARDWARE

Each hardware has its own functions. 

Scanners are used to convert conventional images, texts, drawings and photos into digital form that can be understood by the computer.

There are four types of scanners: flatbed scanner, hand held scanner, sheet-fed scanner and 3D scanner.

There are two types of video cameras: analog video camera and digital video camera (DV).

An analog video camera records video in analog signals on a magnetic video tape.

A digital video camera records video in digital signals, which can be stored in various forms of media, such as digital video tape or memory cards.

Data stored in these DV tapes can directly be read by a computer system.

In an ordinary camera, images are captured on a roll of film. In a digital camera, images are captured and stored in a media card.

The advantages of having a digital camera is that the images captured can directly be used in the computer.

It saves cost as we do not have to buy films and can choose to keep or delete the pictures in the memory card.

Audio devices are needed to record analog sound.

The sounds are then changed into digital sound.

Examples of devices used for recording sounds or audio are microphone, sound card and voice synthesizer.

Video capture devices help to convert analog video to digital video. The fire wire helps to transfer the video from video camera to the computer.

They also transfer digital video to the computer so that the data can be edited or stored.

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 Others Lesson : | click lesson to view |

• Hardware
• Editing Software 
• Authoring Tools

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Multimedia Elements

THE FIVE MAIN ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA

In a multimedia application, basically the elements are divided into two: dynamic (objects that move or change) and static (objects that do not move).

Texts and graphics are two elements that do not move whereas the other three elements: audio, video and animations are moving objects within a multimedia application.

TEXT

Text is the basic element of multimedia. It involves the use of text types, sizes, colours and background colour.

In a multimedia application, other media or screen can be linked through the use of text.  This is what you call Hypertext.

To produce an effective multimedia program there are three things that need to be considered. They are:

• The position of the text on the screen.
• Length of the message
• And legibility of the text.

GRAPHIC

Graphics make the multimedia application attractive. They help to illustrate ideas through still pictures. 

There are two types of graphics used: bitmaps (paint graphics) and vector (draw graphics).

Bitmaps images are real images that can be captured from devices such as cameras or scanners.

Vector graphics are drawn on the computer and only require a small amount of memory.

AUDIO

A multimedia application may require the use of speech, music and sound effects. These are called audio or the sound element.

There are two basic types of audio or sound:  analog and digital audio.

Analog audio refers to the original sound signal. Digital audio refers to the digital sampling of the actual sound. The sound used in multimedia is digital audio.

We can record analog audio file. We can use special audio editors like Sound Forge to convert analog audio files into digital audio files.

VIDEO

Video provides a powerful impact in a multimedia program. In multimedia applications, the digital video is gaining popularity because of the following reasons:

• video clips can be edited easily
• the digital video files can be stored like any other files in the computer and the quality of the video can still be maintained
• the video files can be transferred within a computer network
• it allows non-linear editing in any part of the video

However, these digital video files are large in size. Transferring these files can take a long time especially when using the Internet.

                 

ANIMATION

Animation is a process of making a static image look like it is moving. In multimedia, digital animation is used.  Digital animation can be categorised into two broad area: 2D (2 Dimension) and 3D (3 Dimension) animations.

2D animation refers to creating movements in basic objects. These objects are put into various situations or positions and have movement on the screen. 

3D animation refers to creating movements to three dimensional digital objects from photographs. Movements like spinning and flying across the screen are some samples of animations.

STANDARD FILE FORMATS

Each of the five elements mentioned has various standard file formats. file format is a particular way to store information in a computer.

The formats will allow you to make decisions of the type of text, graphic, audio, video and animation to use when developing your own multimedia program.

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 Others Lesson : | click lesson to view |

• Definiton Of Multimedia
• Interactivity of Multimedia
• Medium Of Delivery
• Multimedia Elements

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Medium Of Delivery

COMMON MEDIUMS

Generally, there are two very common mediums used in delivering multimedia contents.

First, multimedia can be delivered through Web pages. Thus, this kind of content is said to be a Web-based multimedia.

Secondly, multimedia can be delivered through compact discs. Therefore, the multimedia content is said to be a CD-based multimedia.

WEB-BASED MULTIMEDIA

Web-based multimedia is a combination of multimedia technology and Internet technology. Web-based multimedia is popular nowadays.

In the past, Web pages were filled only with static texts and graphics as there were problems in downloading large multimedia files through the Internet.

Downloading a video file could take a long time as it is large.

MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY IN THE INTERNET

Now, with the advancement of both technologies, most Web pages integrate elements like text, graphic, audio, video and animation.

These dynamic elements make the process of distributing information through the Internet more interesting and effective to the user.

There are a lot of multimedia software including plug-ins, players and browsers used in the Internet. These software allow better quality multimedia programs to be stored and viewed.

Apart from using the software, the quality of a multimedia program received will still depend on the Internet facilities that the user has.

CD-BASED MULTIMEDIA

CDs like CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) have been used  to store and deliver multimedia content.

CDs are usually used with computers. An improvement of the CD-ROM is the Blu-ray disc which can store better quality video.

However, the main problem in using CD-ROMs as a medium is that, it can be costly as it takes a long time to produce a complete multimedia program.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WEB-BASED AND CD-BASED 

MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS

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 Others Lesson : | click lesson to view |

• Definiton Of Multimedia
• Interactivity of Multimedia
• Medium Of Delivery
• Multimedia Elements

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Interactivity Of Multimedia

If you use the first multimedia application, the content progresses without you having to control the flow of the movie.  Your only control is to press the “play” and the “stop” buttons.

This interaction is called linear interactivity.

On the other hand, the second multimedia application allows you to decide which part you would like to view, or how much you want to know about the content. 

This interaction is named non-linear interactivity.

WHAT IS INTERACTIVITY?

Interactivity refers to the way users interact with a multimedia application or program.

How does a user control the content of a multimedia application? The user can use input devices such as a keyboard, joystick, mouse and  touch screen to interact with the application through the computer.

The content of the application provided, determines the interactivity for the user. An example is film that does not allow the user to control the content.

Another example is a computer game. It allows the user to use the left and right arrow keys to control the movement of the game.

WHAT IS LINEAR INTERACTIVITY?

In linear interactivity, the user interacts with the multimedia application without  controlling the progress of the content.

In other words, the user is a passive receiver of the multimedia content most of the time.

The linear content is usually arranged in sequence. An example of the multimedia linear content is a movie.

Although a movie uses a combination of audio, graphics and animations, the user has no control over the sequence of events.

WHAT IS NON-LINEAR INTERACTIVITY?

Unlike linear interactivity, non-linear interactivity allows the user to interact with the content according to what the user wants from the content. In other words, it is a two-way communication.

The user can control the progress and sequence of the multimedia content by using buttons or links.

Non-linear interactivity uses tools like “hypertext” to connect a word or a phrase to another screen.

An electronic book with links to another screen is considered as having non-linear multimedia content.

Hypermedia is also used in non-linear interactivity.  This tool is similar to hypertext. However, it connects to different media elements such as audio and video.

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 Others Lesson : | click lesson to view |

• Definiton Of Multimedia
• Interactivity of Multimedia
• Medium Of Delivery
• Multimedia Elements

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Definition Of Multimedia

Multimedia has been used in many aspects in our lives, for example in the field of business, entertainment and the sciences. “Multimedia” comes from the word “multi” and “media”.“Multi” means various. “Media” refers to any hardware or software used for communicating.

These are some examples of hardware and software that we use in communicating with others.

Examples of hardware are: the radio, television, computer and mobile phone.

 

Examples of hardware are: the radio, television, computer and mobile phone.

Examples of software are: email, Yahoo Messenger,  Multimedia Message Service (MMS) and video conferencing.

The usage of text, audio, graphic, video and animation are all involved in

describing media. So, multimedia is the presentation of information by using a combination of text, audio, graphic, video and animation.

In the field of Information and Communication Technology, multimedia means more than the use of the various media.  A computer user interacts with the computer to perform tasks such as finding information or play games to develop a skill.

Thus, the meaning of multimedia has changed as technology advanced in our lives.

There are five main elements in a complete multimedia system

 

MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS IN SOCIETY

Multimedia has improved our lives in many ways.

Firstly, multimedia is used as a common source of reference.

Encyclopedias, directories, dictionaries and electronic books are among common multimedia references.

Multimedia is also used in education and training. Learning has become more interesting and effective with educational programmes such as “edutainment” that is a combination of education and entertainment.

Besides that, multimedia is greatly used in entertainment industry.

These industries produce computer games, and develop animations or special effects for cartoons and movies.

Multimedia applications are also widely used in scientific research.

For example, from research, new findings can help the researchers to improve the condition of sick people.

MORE MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS IN VARIOUS FIELDS

Multimedia has played an important role in other fields, such as business, arts, medicine and engineering.

In business, multimedia applications are used in advertising products.

Many companies nowadays develop and distribute catalogues in the form of a CD-ROM as it is more interesting to the consumers.

In art, artists use multimedia elements by combining drawing and animation. 

In medicine, doctors can practice or be trained in performing high-risk

surgery by using virtual surgery. 

In engineering, Computer-Aided Design or CAD is used. By using this application, engineers can view the design from many aspects and improve on it before production.

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 Others Lesson : | click lesson to view |

• Definiton Of Multimedia
• Interactivity of Multimedia
• Medium Of Delivery
• Multimedia Elements

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Semakan Penempatan PPPS Keluaran IPTA - Menengah

Sukacita dimaklumkan bahawa maklumat PENEMPATAN FASA 2 - PEGAWAI PERKHIDMATAN PENDIDIKAN SISWAZAH (PPPS) BAGI GRADUAN IPTA yang telah diperaku boleh disemak di sini bermula 15 Mei 2012.

Tuan/puan yang membuat semakan diminta untuk menghubungi Jabatan/Bahagian sebagaimana yang tertera di ruang MAKLUMAN untuk mendapatkan maklumat lanjut berkenaan penempatan tuan/puan. 

TAHNIAH

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INSTALLATION : Software Installation

STEPS IN FINALIZING WINDOWS XP INSTALLATION

  

INSTALLING AN APPLICATION SOFTWARE

If you want to install new application software, you need to check:

1. the hardware requirements demanded by the software, for example whether you have a Pentium 4 Processor
2. other software requirements, such as DirectX 10 or Windows XP

Some new software needs special hardware and software specifications.

INSTALLING MS OFFICE XP

In this session, you will be guided through the installation of Microsoft Office XP. Check minimum hardware and system requirements:

1. Windows 98
2. 133 MHz Processor
3. 24 MB RAM
4. 245 MB of available hard disk space

Enter your name and initials in the User name and Initials fields, and Organization field, respectively. Enter the CD Key (the 25 characters located on the back of the CD's case and called Product Key) into the Product Key field. Click Next.

Read the End-User License Agreement. Select the “I accept the terms in the License Agreement" option, then click Next to continue.

Leave Install Now selected for the default install. Click Next.

A new window will appear, verifying the components that you wish to install. If the information is correct, click Install; otherwise click Back and make necessary changes.

Microsoft Office XP will install to your computer. The installation may take several minutes.

If the program installs correctly, a Microsoft Office XP window will appear, stating that the program has been installed successfully. Click OK to complete the installation.

Restart your computer. Save any opened documents or files before restarting to avoid data loss.

Microsoft Office icons will appear on your computer’s Desktop.

When you first open a program in Microsoft Office P suite, you will be prompted to register your software. You can use Microsoft Office up to 50 times before registration is mandatory.

If you do not register, you will not be able to use any of the programs in the Office XP suite beyond this limited usage.

To register, simply follow the instruction that Microsoft provides. The recommended and quickest way to register is via an online connection.

General Guide in installing Utility Program

1. Make sure your computer meets the requirements of the utility you are     trying to install.
2. The 'Readme’ file is usually located in the same directory as   installation program. Installation instructions are usually found in this file.
3. When installing the utility, it is always advisable to first close or disable other programs that are still running.
4. Most utilities contain an Auto Play feature that will automatically start     the setup screen for the program when the CD is run.
5. Otherwise, you can open the My Computer window, and locate the     setup file manually.

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 Others Lesson : | click lesson to view |

• PC Assembling
• Hard Disk Partitioning
• Software Installation

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INSTALLATION : Hard Disk Partitioning and Formatting

WHY PARTITION?

Disk partitioning is the process of dividing and organising a disk into different specific sections.

Limits Accidental Or Deliberate Damage Of Your Data

Partitioning a disk will store different application into different partitions. If the partition where an application is installed on is corrupted or accidentally deleted, the data in another partition would not be erased. You will only need to recover one partition, which is faster than recovering the entire hard disk.

Increases Security

Encryption is one of the methods of protecting critical data fro theft or corruption, but it slows down the computer performance. By partitioning the disk, you can encrypt only those partitions that need protection, and other parts of your system will run unencrypted and hence faster.

Making The Computer Faster

A computer can find data faster in a partitioned disk. A computer finds files and directories quicker as it needs to search only one partition, not the whole disk.

Organises Information

By partitioning a disk, you can organise your data logically. The data is arranged in categories according to different functions or objectives.

Increases Productivity

Partitioning a disk can increase productivity. You will save time searching for a particular file and may complete some useful tasks.

PARTITIONING THE HARD DISK

The following steps will demonstrate how to use a Windows XP CD to partition a hard disk. First, Insert the Windows XP Installation CD and restart the computer. Press the key stated on the screen to enter the BIOS setup. We need to set the CD-ROM drive as the first booting device in the boot sequence. Restart your computer.

Follow the instruction, when you get the message to ‘press any key to boot from CD’. Once the boot from CD-ROM has started, it will display at the top of the screen:  Setup is inspecting your computer's hardware configuration. After a brief delay, the Microsoft “Windows Setup” installation screen is displayed.  “Setup is loading files”, means it is loading all types of device drivers.”

It will finally state: "Setup is starting Windows" and will display after a short delay the “Windows XP Professional Setup" screen. Select "to set up Windows XP now" and press the ENTER key.

 

CREATING A PARTITION ON HARD DISK

Setup will now display the partitioning of your disk. If your system has an operating that has been installed, you will see them listed. To continue installing a fresh copy of Windows XP without repairing, press ESC

 

You now have a simple Disk Manager, allowing you to create and delete partitions. You will need to select an “Unpartitioned space” and press C to create partition. If you do not need to specify the size of the partition, use the default size and press ENTER.

Now, a partition is created. Select the partition and press Enter to set up Windows XP on the selected partition. Choose a desired format either using NTFS or FAT for the partition. Clicks ENTER on the chosen format.

FORMATTING HARD DISK

Once the partition is created, the next screen will ask for the type of disk formatting to be used. Disk formatting is the process of making a disk for specific file system such as NTFS. Here, we are going to use NTFS, so we will select it and press ENTER. Setup will start formatting the disk and will then start copying files from the CD-ROM to the disk. The system will then need to reboot.

 

After the restart, Windows XP starts the first time with the graphical user interface.  Setup will continue to copy files and to install the OS.

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 Others Lesson : | click lesson to view |

• PC Assembling
• Hard Disk Partitioning
• Software Installation

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INSTALLATION : PC ASSEMBLING

COMPONENT LIST FOR ASSEMBLING A PC

 

FIXING THE PROCESSOR

1. Place the CPU into the ZIF socket.  Make sure pin number one is placed correctly.
2. Lock the socket using the locking lever.
3. Apply the IC paste at the bottom of the heat sink.
4. Fix the processor fan on the processor.

INSTALLING THE RAM

 

Insert the RAM in the RAM slot and press downwards. Ensure that the RAM remains in the locked position. You will hear a 'click' sound when the RAM is locked in place.

INSTALLING THE POWER SUPPLY

Attach the power supply to the motherboard. You must ensure all connections are firmly attached and no wires run near the top of the processor fan.

INSTALLING THE OPTICAL DRIVE (DVD OR CD)

1. Set the jumper on the CD-ROM drive as Master.
2. Attach the drive to the trails on the casing.
3. Screw the drive securely on both sides.
4. Plug in the IDE cable and power cable.

ATTACHING THE VIDEO CARD & CONNECTING THE CABLES

1. Attach the video and audio cards onto the slots.
2. Attach the IDE cables for hard-disk, CD-ROM and floppy drive on the motherboard.
3. Attach the power cables for the motherboard.
4. Attach power cables for front panel display that is to the speaker, HDD indicator LED, Power LED and RESET button.

INSTALLING THE FLOPPY DRIVE

1. Attach the drive to the casing.
2. Screw the drive securely on both sides.
3. Plug the power cable.
4. Connect the IDE cable.

INSTALLING THE HARD DISK

1. Set the jumper to master. If this is your second hard disk, set the jumper to slave.
2. Secure the hard disk on both sides.
3. Attach the master or slave connection of the IDE cable to the hard disk.
4. Connect the power cable.

CONNECTING OTHER PERIPHERALS

1. Replace the casing and screw it tightly and finally set it in an upright position.
2. Plug in the video cable from the monitor to the display card.
3. Connect the keyboard, speakers and mouse to the respective ports.

POWERING THE SYSTEM

1. Plug in the power cord and switch on the power.
2. Press the power button.

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 Others Lesson : | click lesson to view |

• PC Assembling
• Hard Disk Partitioning
• Software Installation

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