RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIELD, RECORD AND FILE

FIELD

Field is a specific category of information in a table. In a table, fields are usually shown in columns and it has its own field name at the top.

 

For example, StudentID, Name, MyKad Number, Date of Birth, Gender,

Address and Contact Number. All the data within the same field holds the same data type.

For example, StudentID, Name, Gender, Address and ContactNumber use text as data type.

MyKad Number uses number as data type.

Date Of Birth uses date as data type.

Several fields make up a record.

RECORD

Record is a collection of fields about one person, place or thing in a table.

Records are arranged in rows.

A record is also known as the row or tuple.

For example, we have a total of five records in this table.

FILE

A file is a set of data arranged in columns and rows. They are grouped together for a specific purpose. For example, this is a Student Registration System which records all the students’ information.

To form a file, the file must have fields and records. A file is sometimes called a table or relation.For example, a Book file and a Student file.

__________________________________________________________________________________
 Others Lesson : | click lesson to view |

• Database and DBMS
  
• Relationship Between Field And Record
  
• Primary And Foreign Key
  
• Relationship Between Primary and Foreign Key
  
• Database Object - Query
• Database Object - Form
• Database Object - Report
• Data Manipulation
  

Read More

Jadual Gaji SSM 2012 Bagi Guru

DG41

DG 44 - 54

Read More

DATABASE

DATABASE

Database is structured collection of information on specific subjects. We can think of a database as an electronic filing system.

An example of the database is a telephone book which contains records of names, addresses and contact numbers.

A database allows its contents to be easily accessed, updated, stored and retrieved.

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)

A Database management System is a program that accesses information from a database.

A Database Management System provides an interface between the database and the user.

A Database management System enables you to extract, modify and store information from a database.

Examples of DBMS are Oracle, SQL Server and Microsoft Access.

BENEFITS OF USING DATABASE

Minimises Data Redundancy

Most data item stored in only one file. With a database there is no need to repeat recording the same data. This minimises data redundancy.

For example, a school database would record a student’s name. address and other details only once when the student enrols in the school.

Data Integrity Is Assured

A database ensures that data is correct for all files. When a user modifies data in one of the files in a database, the same data will change automatically in all the files. This is called data integrity.

Data Can Be Shared

A database allows the ease of sharing data. Data can be shared over a network, by a whole organisation.

Information Can Be Accessed Easily

A database makes information access easy.

Everyone can access and manage data in a database.

__________________________________________________________________________________
 Others Lesson : | click lesson to view |

• Database and DBMS
  
• Relationship Between Field And Record
• Primary And Foreign Key
• Relationship Between Primary and Foreign Key
• Database Object - Query
• Database Object - Form
• Database Object - Report
• Data Manipulation

Read More

HIERARCHY OF DATA

HIERARCHY OF DATA

• Hierarchy is a series of ordered groupings in a system, beginning with the smallest unit to the largest.
• Data is organised in a hierarchy that begins with the smallest to the largest unit of data, as it progresses up the hierarchy.
• Together, bits, bytes, fields, records, files and database form the hierarchy of data.

BIT, BYTE, FIELD, RECORD AND FILE

The bit is represented by 0 for OFF or 1 for ON. It is a binary digit. It is the smallest unit of data the computer can store in a database.

A byte is a collection of bits. Each byte consists of eight bits. Each byte represents a character.

For example : The letter S is made up of 0101 0011

A field is a unit of data consisting of one or more characters (bytes).

A field is the smallest unit of meaningful information in the database. Each field has a field name.

The field name describes the data that should be entered into the field, such as StudentID (Student ID), Name, Address and MyKad Number.

A record is a collection of related fields.

Example : Each record stores data about a students.

For example, a student record is a collection of fields about a student.

A file is a collection of related records. For example, a student file is a collection of students’ records.

__________________________________________________________________________________
 Others Lesson : | click lesson to view |

• Definition of Data, Information And Information System
  
• Usage Of Information System
• Information System Component
• Type Of Information System
• Hierarchy Of Data

Read More

TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)

Management Information Systems are used to provide regular information about the daily activities of a business to the manager.

Management Information Systems are to help managers make the business processes and activities more efficient compared to doing them manually.

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS)

Transaction Processing Systems are used to record business transaction. Transaction Processing Systems keep track of daily transactions in a database.

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)

Decision Support Systems provide managers with information to make the best decisions.

Decision Support Systems help to analyse information, recognise problems and making decisions.

Most Decision Supports Systems reports are in the form of charts and diagrams.

EXECUTIVE  INFORMATION SYSTEM (EIS)

Executive Information System helps top-level management to plan strategies.

An Executive Information System is used to forecast future trends.

EXPERT SYSTEM (ES)

Expert system is used to store knowledge and make logical suggestions for the user.

Expert System users can be professionals like doctors and scientist.

Example : An Expert System can suggest conditions and estimate the probability of having illness.

EXTENSION : OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEM (OIS)

Office Information System is also known as office automation. Office Information System is an information system that uses hardware, software and networks to enhance work flow among employees.

__________________________________________________________________________________
 Others Lesson : | click lesson to view |

• Definition of Data, Information And Information System
  
• Usage Of Information System
• Information System Component
• Type Of Information System
• Hierarchy Of Data

Read More