Jadual Gaji SSM 2012 Bagi Guru

DG41 DG 44 - ...

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DATABASE

DATABASE Database is structured collection of information on specific subjects. We can think of a database as an electronic filing system. An example of the database is a telephone book which contains records of names, addresses and contact numbers.A database allows its contents to be easily accessed, updated, stored and retrieved. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)A Database management System is a program that accesses information from a database.A...

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HIERARCHY OF DATA

HIERARCHY OF DATAHierarchy is a series of ordered groupings in a system, beginning with the smallest unit to the largest. Data is organised in a hierarchy that begins with the smallest to the largest unit of data, as it progresses up the hierarchy. Together, bits, bytes, fields, records, files and database form the hierarchy of data. BIT, BYTE, FIELD, RECORD AND FILE The bit is represented by 0 for OFF or 1 for ON. It is a binary digit. It is the...

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TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)Management Information Systems are used to provide regular information about the daily activities of a business to the manager.Management Information Systems are to help managers make the business processes and activities more efficient compared to doing them manually. TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS)Transaction Processing Systems are used to record business transaction. Transaction Processing Systems keep...

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INFORMATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS

COMPONENTS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEMAn information system (IS) is a set of related components that collects data, process data and provide information. The components of information systems are: data, hardware, software, people and procedures. DATAData is very important in information systems. Without data, decision and conclusion cannot be made. The right data in information systems helps us to make the right decision.For example, the stock status...

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USAGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN VARIOUS FIELDS

INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN EDUCATIONKeep track of students statistic and grades. Help students and teachers in online learning and discussion – Learning Management System, example : Moodle, University Sains Malaysia and Open University Malaysia. Store subject content – for Online Learning Portal. USAGE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESSCarry out online buying and selling : In retail companies, information systems are used in online buying and selling....

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Definition Of Data, Information and Information System

DATAData and information are used in our daily life. Each type of data has its own importance that contribute toward useful information. Data is like raw material. It is not organised and has little value. Data can include text, numbers, images, audio and video. Text data consists of sentences and paragraphs. Number or numerical data consists of digits from 0 to 9. Image data are graphical images. Audio data can be sound, voice or tones Video data...

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LATEST TYPE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

FIFTH GENERATION LANGUAGES Fifth generation programming language (5GL) is an advance programming language which concentrates on solving problems using constraints given to the program.In fifth generation language, the programmer just need to define the problem to be solve and the program will automatically code the program based on the problem definition.Fifth generation languages are designed to make the computer solve the problem for you.Fifth...

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PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PHASES

In program development, there are five main phases. These phases are a series of steps that programmers undertake to build computer programs. The program development phases guide computer programmers through the development of a program. The five main phases of program development are as follows: PROBLEM ANALYSIS PHASEDuring the problem analysis phase, the programmer will interview the client to find out what the client’s needs are. For example,...

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PSEUDO CODES AND FLOW CHART

PSEUDOCODESPseudo code is text only sentences that describe the logic and program flow of a computer program. Pseudo code esembles plain English.It usually does not have any specific programming language syntax and grammar.Pseudo code is directly linked  to the computer codes because each pseudo code statement can often be converted into the programming language virtually line by line.There are no set rules for writing pseudo code.A programmer...

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BASIC ELEMENTS IN PROGRAMMING : Control Structures

Control structure is a structure of statements in programming that allows the programmer to control the flow of a program. Control structure can be divided into sequence, selection and repetition control structures. SEQUENCE CONTROL Sequence control refers to the linear execution of codes within a program. In sequence control, the statements are executed one by one in consecutive order.In sequence control, the statements are executed one by one...

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BASIC ELEMENTS IN PROGGRAMMING : Mathematical and Logical Operators

Operator is a symbol or notation that tells a computer to perform certain actions or operations. An example: the plus (+) notation will tell the computer to perform the "add" operation.Let's look at some examples of Mathematical Operators. Let's look at some examples of Relational Operators Let's look at some examples of Logical Operators. FUNCTION OF MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS Mathematical operators are notations that tell the computer to perform...

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